The older we get, the more likely we are to face problems with our joints. Most of the time, it’s nothing specific that leads us to develop pain, swelling or stiffness. Rather, it’s just the normal wear and tear that comes with aging.
Arthritis refers to a group of conditions that cause inflammation of the joints — commonly, the knees and hips.
Arthritis doesn’t have a cure. Yet even if you’re one of the millions living with the disease, you don’t have to suffer.
Angelo Mannino, MD, an orthopedic surgeon with Atlantic Health System, explains what arthritis is, different symptoms and treatments, as well as some outcomes and tips that can help improve your quality of life.
A closer look at arthritis
Arthritis is caused by inflammation, the body’s effort to repair damaged or infected tissues. When this inflammatory process is triggered it can lead to the decline and deterioration of the body’s joints, it’s known as arthritis.
There are many different types of arthritis, with different causes and treatments. One of the most common types is osteoarthritis, which is the wearing down of the protective cartilage in the joints.
Although they can vary based on what type you have, typical symptoms of arthritis include:
- Decreased range of motion
- Pain
- Redness
- Stiffness
- Swelling
“When the symptoms of arthritis begin to affect your daily life, or your ability to do the things you love — like running, hiking or playing pickleball — it’s time to see your doctor,” Dr. Mannino says.
Treating arthritis
Many treatments are available today to help manage arthritis symptoms, slow the progression of the disease and improve your quality of life.
Your doctor may start by recommending lifestyle changes, like exercise and stretching. They also may advise physical therapy or acupuncture. If those conservative treatment methods don’t work and the pain persists, though, your doctor may move on to other options, like topical creams, pain medications and joint injections.
Joint replacement
If you’re still experiencing inflammation and pain, your doctor may suggest joint replacement surgery . If you decide to explore the surgical route, your doctor can help you determine whether you’re a good candidate and will let you know what to expect from surgery and its recovery.
The good news is that “major advancements in joint replacement surgery over the past decade have led to exceptional outcomes,” Dr. Mannino says.
More than 90% of people who undergo joint replacement surgery go on to live their lives without further issues. Most people who elect to have the surgery also report a significant improvement in their quality of life, including an ability to get back to participating in the activities they enjoy, often after just a few months.
How to stay active with arthritis
No matter which type of treatment makes the most sense for you, if your doctor gives you the green light to maintain or resume movement, it’s important to take heed.
Here are some tips for maintaining an active lifestyle with arthritis:
- Aim for low-impact activities – Activities like water aerobics and yoga provide all the benefits of exercise without the stress on your joints.
- Don’t set expectations – How your joint feels may ebb and flow. Give yourself some grace, and don’t overdo it.
- Incorporate stretching – Stretching, even gentle stretching, improves your range of motion and helps your muscles relax.
- Start slow – Begin with short walks and see how you feel, then gradually increase the time and intensity.
- Use ice – Icing your joints after an activity can help reduce swelling.
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